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The Leadership Conference on Civil and Human Rights

The Nation's Premier Civil and Human Rights Coalition

The Leadership Conference on Civil and Human Rights  & The Leadership Conference Education Fund
The Nation's Premier Civil and Human Rights Coalition

Brief of Amici Curiae National School Boards Association, et al., in Support of Respondents in Gratz v. Bollinger

Legal Brief - February 19, 2003 -


  • In elementary and secondary education, constitutional principles are shaped by he unique mission of schools and the authority of education officials to pursue that mission
  • Diversity enhances students' civic values, improves student learning, improves students' preparation for employment, and increases educational opportunities
  • Issues of race remain central to fulfilling the mission of elementary and secondary schools
  • The educational benefits of diversity are sufficiently compelling to justify limited race-conscious actions
  • Critical mass is ideal and prevents tokenism and mere proportionality
  • Current federal law establishes judicially enforceable limiting principles that apply to race-conscious decisions made by state and local education officials

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