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Brief of the American Educational Research Association, et al. as Amici Curiae in Support of Respondents in Gratz v. Bollinger, et al.

Legal Brief - February 18, 2003 -


  • Promoting diversity in higher education is a compelling government interest
  • Student body diversity improves educational outcomes, classroom learning environments, and thinking skills
  • Cross-racial interaction has positive effects on retention, college satisfaction, self-confidence, and inter-personal and leadership skills
  • Diverse learning environments challenge students to consider alternative viewpoints and develop tolerance for differences and prepare students to diverse work environments
  • U-Michigan employs race as a factor of admissions flexibly and modestly, and does not over-burden non-minority candidates
  • Race neutral policies less effective than race-conscious policies to promote diversity in admissions